Yang “Dikutuk” Menulis Kebenaran

anggoro538

Seno adalah maestro. Ia memiliki dua profesi paradoks. Pengalamannya sebagai sastrawan jauh lebih banyak sebelum menjadi wartawan. Atas dua bidang itu, ia sangat lihai menyelundupkan kehendaknya (pandangan subjektif) dalam laporan jurnalistik dan sebaliknya, mengarang sebuah cerita fiksi seolah-olah merupakan fakta itu sendiri.

Saya merasa kritik yang dilontarkannya terhadap jurnalisme dalam konteksnya di era dulu masih relevan hingga saat ini. Jurnalisme yang tidak peduli pada banyak hal.

Seno berpendapat, tekanan selama puluhan tahun berada di ketiak rezim orde baru memberi dampak psikologi bagi jurnalisme Indonesia. Masih ada sebagian yang belum bisa berdamai dengan keadaan itu.

Akibatnya, pengertian yang banyak beredar di kalangan reporter tentang berita, sebatas pada press-release. Jurnalisme gampang mencapai klimaks dengan berita-berita pejabat yang meresmikan suatu proyek atau membuka agenda tertentu. “Jurnalisme Indonesia seperti anak burung yang diberi makan induknya, diloloh, didulang, tidak pernah punya sayap sendiri untuk terbang,” kata Seno.

Yang terjadi selama reformasi: jumlah wartawan berkualitas tidak bertambah. Justru yang terjadi, jumlah media meledak tak terkendali. Siapapun bisa jadi wartawan meskipun tulisannya lebih mirip orasi demonstran ketimbang karya jurnalistik.

Sebelum “jurnalisme data” atau “jurnalisme solusi” berkembang saat ini, “jurnalisme kata-kata” sudah muncul duluan, dengan mengutip mentah-mentah kata-kata dari narasumber.

Seno juga menyinggung terkait dilema klasik yang dirasakan perusahaan pers saat ini. Bahwa jurnalisme terjebak pada dilema ideologis, mengembangkan perusahaan pers dengan tetap menjaga jurnalisme tidak mengganggu “stabilitas” pemerintahan.

Jika melihat seperti itulah realitas jurnalisme kita, apakah pemicunya?

Menurutnya, pers Indonesia terjebak ke dalam konstruksi besar bernama industri. Pers dikatakan berhasil ketika survive dalam kemelut ekonomi dan politik. Artinya, bahwa narasi besar jurnalisme ditentukan oleh bisnis.

Istilah keren saat ini mungkin saya bisa sebut sebagai jurnalisme winto, mempertaruhkan inovasi pemberitaan bukan demi kualitas jurnalisme, tetapi guna membuka peluang bisnis. Sebagai bisnis, ia tak pernah lepas dari cengkeraman kepentingan politis. Dari titik inilah jurnalisme kadang menemui kebuntuan. Maka bagi Seno, inilah saatnya sastra memberi suara.

Sebagai contoh, tentang headline berita aktivis hilang menjelang reformasi, Seno tak berpikir siapa badut politik yang jungkir balik di atas panggung media. Ia membayangkan nasib orang tua para aktivis itu.

Konstruksi jurnalisme memiliki rumus-rumus: aktual, magnitude, value, ketokohan. Baginya, norma-norma itu bisa menjadi boundaries. Maka, untuk menjawab semua pertanyaan yang disensor oleh jurnalisme, ia menuliskannya ke dalam naskah drama. Dan kemudian dipentaskan di banyak kota. Cara seperti itu bagi Seno lebih efektif diterima sebagai fakta daripada menulis di kolom opini.

Jurnalisme harus sensitif pada kemanusiaan. Jika tidak, jurnalisme akan kehilangan makna sebagai media untuk mengangkat harkat manusia. Ruang kosong itulah yang harus ditutupi dan menjadi gerak perjuangan jurnalisme.

Yang mampu saya baca dari Seno melalui karyanya adalah sensitifitas watak kemanusiaannya. Ini bisa lahir dari pengalaman di lapangan yang terus menguji kepekaannya yang mungkin diabai oleh mata sekelilingnya.

Satu hal menarik bagi saya, antara jurnalisme dan sastra, Seno hadir dengan pemikiran arogan, “bahwa ketika jurnalisme dibungkam, sastra harus bicara. Karena bila jurnalisme bicara dengan fakta, sastra bicara dengan kebenaran. Fakta-fakta bisa diembargo, dimanipulasi, atau ditutupi dengan tinta hitam tetapi kebenaran muncul dengan sendirinya seperti kenyataan. Jurnalisme terikat oleh seribu satu kendala, dari bisnis sampai politik, untuk menghadirkan dirinya, tapi kendala sastra hanyalah kejujurannya sendiri.”

Menutupi fakta adalah tindakan politik, menutupi kebenaran adalah perbuatan paling bodoh yang bisa dilakukan manusia di muka bumi.

Dalam sebuah esai pendek ia menulis tentang “kehidupan sastra dalam pikiran”. Bahwa setiap kali kepala seorang sastrawan dipenggal, kebenaran dalam sastra itu akan menitis ke kepala seribu sastrawan lain- yakni mereka yang “dikutuk” menulis kebenaran. Dibandingkan dengan rekayasa yang bisa dilakukan oleh media massa, maka kesusastraan bisa muncul di delapan penjuru angin dan berbicara dalam segala bahasa.

Meskipun kepercayaan itu lahir dari pemikirannya sendiri, ia jujur juga meragukannya, sadar akan arogansinya setelah melalui perenungan mendalam tentang kebenaran. Seolah kita diajak berfilsafat kembali tentang hakikat kebenaran.

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