Ketiadaan Manusia Dalam Foto

anggoro362

Dalam fotojurnalistik dasar, ada dua macam peristiwa. Yang pertama peristiwa yang terjadi tanpa diduga. Kedua, foto terencana. Foto terencana bagi fotojurnalis menjadi kekuatan, dengan melakukan riset terhadap subjek maupun fenomena sosial.

Kini, perkembangan teknologi kamera sangat pesat, foto jurnalistik bukan hanya bisa dilakukan oleh jurnalis foto, siapapun punya kesempatan yang sama untuk membuat foto jurnalistik terhadap peristiwa spot news. Semua orang memiliki probabilitas untuk memotret peristiwa besar.

Peristiwa besar terjadi secara tak sengaja saja kadang bisa lahir dari fotografer amatir atau masyarakat umum. Spot news photo, bakal menjadi milik citizen, pada saat tidak semua titik kejadian fotojurnalis berada. Kecuali, kejadian yang predictable, kerusuhan (riot), perang dll. Oleh sebab itu, yang terpenting diperlukan seorang foto jurnalis adalah investigating photo report ataupun in-depth photo report untuk memperkuat kajian fotonya.

Subjek dalam konteks fotojurnalistik dibagi jadi tiga unsur, yakni (1) subjek dengan behind story, (2) subjek dengan performance, (3) subjek sebagai Prominent person. Diantara ketiga subjek ini, prominent person yang meliputi tokoh, orang-orang populer dan ternama, menjadi konsumsi foto portraiture dengan tampilan dominan dalam media diatas popularitasnya.

Sedangkan, subjek dengan latar belakang, ordinary person (orang biasa) menjadi populer Misalnya mbah Surip, pelantun lagu tak gendong, dll, pernah mengisi penuh satu halaman media. Subjek dengan behind story lainnya adalah orang yg memiliki kisah dramatis, unik maupun menarik sebagai ordinary person. Sedangkan subjek dengan tampilan performance, dimiliki para artis maupun model yang tidak bisa ditolak jadi konsumsi media sendiri.

Dalam jurnalistik, fotografi memiliki peranan yang sangat penting. Fotografi dalam jurnalistik sangat jauh berbeda dengan foto dokumentasi, sehingga sedapat mungkin untuk menghindari mindset dokumentatif. Foto jurnalistik lebih memilih momen terbaik dalam suatu peristiwa.

Ada beberapa proses berpikir dalam menghasilkan produk foto jurnalistik; pertama, How to make the picture content. Mungkin anda pernah menyukai sesuatu namun tak bisa menjelaskan alasannya. Itulah tujuan utama dalam membuat foto jurnalistik untuk menimbulkan perasaan mendalam (visceral reaction). Sebab konten yang baik akan secara langsung terkoneksi dengan perasaan seseorang. Kedua, Menentukan pesan/tema foto. Sebelum memotret seorang foto jurnalis mengalami pergulatan bathin akan ide dan pesan yang hendak dicapai dalam karya fotonya. Maka kepekaan seorang foto jurnalis sangat dibutuhkan. Ketiga, Menentukan Point of interest dan memilih subjek pendukung. Keempat, Menentukan teknis fotografi (aspek visual). (Jawa Pos Photobrother)

Talk about photo journalism is always related with humanity. Human interest jadi aspek utama dalam deskripsi foto dan faktor yang mendukung tentang manusia. Dari pokok ekstraksi ini, apakah tanpa ketiadaan manusia berarti bukan foto jurnalistik?, jawabanya belum tentu. Pertama, ada unsur atribusi, simbolis maupun tanda yang berkaitan dengan manusia, tidak hadir sebagai dimensi eksistensi (Keberadaan). Atribut jari maupun tangan, sudah merepresentasikan eksistensi manusia. Tempelan gambar manusia dalam poster yang telah usang, maka munculah tampilan gambar dalam gambar. Tanda dalam simbol yang menunjukan pesan tentang pernyataan manusia, tapi tanpa kehadiran manusia. Meskipun persepsi penilaian foto terhadap representasi ini tetap ditentukan kekuatan foto itu sendiri, seperti halnya sebuah tulisan coret-coret tembok. Menarik tidaknya ditentukan unsur fotografis dan pesannya. Kedua, ketika kejadian alam, bencana gunung meletus, aliran lava, kebakaran. Pertanyaannya, apakah harus ada manusia?, unlikely, tidak mungkin.

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